Phonemic-restoration
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Phonemic-restoration
How does this example demonstrate the phonemic-restoration effect, and how can this phenomenon be explained by top-down perceptual processing?
The phonemic-restoration effect is demonstrated wherein a speech signal the sounds that are missing appear as if they are heard because the brain is able to restore them. The brain is able to fill the noise that is absent and the listeners may not know that there are missing sounds. The listeners are not able to hear everything that is spoken due to interference in their hearing status. This phenomenon can be explained by top-down perceptual processing where a filter is used to allow some selected information to be heard while blocking others.
According to what you saw in the videos, are Chimps like Kanzi able to produce language? Discuss each of the 6 properties and if/how Kanzi and is offspring provided evidence of each.
Chimps like Kanzi are not able to produce language but instead use sign language and produce sounds to respond to what they are told to do because they understand.
6 properties of language
Communicative is where people who share the same language are able to pass information to one another in a manner that is understood.
Arbitrary symbolic is where words have been assigned to a particular meaning. The symbols we use when communicating do not have meaning in themselves.
Regularly structured is where symbols are supposed to be arranged in a specified pattern for them to have meaning.
Structured at multiple levels where more than one level is used to analyze language. Multiple sounds arranged in a particular order convey different meanings.
Generative productive is where there is no limit on what a person wants to communicate.
Language is dynamic where it keeps changing constantly with time.
Kanzi provided evidence because the information was passed using a language that had a particular meaning and he could understand it and respond. Kanzi could identify symbols, use a keyboard to communicate and produce some vocalization. Kanzi could do what he was told because all the materials were provided on the table and he was familiar with all of them.
Do you think the claim made in the passage above is true, and why?
The claim made in this passage is true because I am able to read the whole paragraph well just like any other paragraph even if the letters in a word are interchanged provided the first and the last letter are at the right place.
It was easier to read the first jumbled passage because I had prior knowledge of the words that have been used. For the second paragraph, there are words that I am not familiar with and I had not encountered them earlier prior to the reading of the passage making it difficult for me to read even if the first and the last letters in the words remain the same.